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Photochemistry, a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of chemical reactions initiated or influenced by light. Understanding the Fundamentals of Photochemistry involves grasping the basic concepts and processes governing these reactions caused by light.
Each photochemical reaction starts when photons (individual units of light) are absorbed by molecules. The photonic energies should be able to shift electrons from a ground state to an excited state in the molecule.
It is a measure of efficiency quantifying the number of molecules that undergo a desired photochemical transformation divided by the number of photons absorbed per quantum yield.
Factors such as wavelength and intensity of the incident light, reactant concentration, sensitizers or catalyst presence determine efficiency and outcome of photochemical reactions.
There are many applications for photochemistry in photography, photovoltaics (solar cells), environmental chemistry (e.g., degradation of pollutants), and organic synthesis (e.g., photochemical reactions in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and natural products).
Understanding the fundamentals of photochemistry is essential for scientists and industrial chemists working across different scientific disciplines because it provides insights on how to utilize light for driving chemical reactions leading to desired products.