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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is an important component in cell culture as a supplement and is commonly used in biomedical research, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology industries. FBS is also known for its supporting role in nutrient cell maintenance and growth.
FBS contains a wide range of growth factors that aid in cell growth and division. These include, but are not limited to, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), and transforming growth factors (TGFs). These elements, which are crucial for cell growth, enhance proliferation in test tube cells. Because of this, experimental procedures produces repeatable and reliable results.
Cells require amino acids, proteins, lipids, and vitamins in order to survive and carry out their functions, all of which are supplied through FBS. These nutrients help ensure cell survival, increase overall activity within the cell, and strengthen overall cell health.
The presence of factors in FBS facilitates cell adherence to culture surfaces which promotes improved proliferation rates. This is beneficial to cell lines that are anchorage-dependent and require a favorable environment to grow.
While introduced toxins are enduring during culture, FBS helps cells cope and neutralise harmful metabolites for maximum stability with less stress towards the cells.
FBS is very flexible and can be used with many different types of cell lines, which explains its importance in cancer biology, regenerative medicine, and vaccine development. It provides consistency under varying experimental conditions.
Fetal Bovine Serum will remain of the most basic components in cell cultures because there is no other global media as productive in cells proliferation, survival, and function. Even as some serum-free media are becoming more common, FBS still dominates in the markets due to the high expectations of researchers seeking reproducible work.