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Dear Readers, Welcome to the latest issue of The Magazine
Cancer is one of the most devastating medical conditions where unconditional growth of cells takes place and spread to other part of the body, which further leads to various types of cancer including skin cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and so on. Most prominent approaches to cancer involve chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but they carry numerous side effects due to their non-specific nature.
This is where robotic capsule invention come into play as a revolutionizing technology to inhibit various conventional approaches of cancer treatment and to deliver drug specifically to cancer cells. The fast development of computational approaches hastens the birth of new industries in cancer treatment also.
Micro/nanorobot/robotic capsules/drug fish entered the scientists’ horizons, gradually and has attracted interest of researchers in recent years. These are self-propelled, tiny devices (0.1-100µm), designed to navigate through the body and deliver drug specifically to the cancer cells.
Exogenous and endogenous power-based this drug distribution, possess accurate drug delivery, lowers the risk of adverse effects, increasing drug half-life and enhances therapeutic outcomes. Specific receptors on their surface are the cells majorly targeted by robotic capsules.
Robotic capsules are embedded with various advancement in cancer treatment, including:
Precise delivery, specifically to the cancer cells would significantly eliminate or reduce side effects. This is done by employing a variety of targeting binders, including antibodies, peptides, and aptamers, which bind selectively to the receptor surface present on cancer cells. Once the robocap connects to the targeted cell, it may release the drug and restricts the amount of medication that is exposed to adjacent tissue as well, limiting adverse effects.
Robocap are used to deliver drug in a controlled manner. i.e., Robocap will deliver drug only after successful binding of the targeted binder to the receptor, which reduces the concentration of the drug and simultaneously increases the efficacy.
The most notable benefit of Robocap is its increased propensity to passively target and accumulate on the surface of cancer cells due to its improved permeability and retention impact.
Sensors built into robotic capsules provide real-time imaging and monitoring of precise medicine distribution. This is required to monitor the delivery of the medicine and the impact on the cells that are being targeted. Additionally, in order to optimise the treatment, doctors can change the delivery aim, dosage, and frequency, if needed.
Despite of various potential benefits of using Robocap, there are several challenges that needs to be addressed for our users in this article, including:
Tumour can occur at almost any site of an organism, including sanctuary sites (Difficult to reach), for example behind the blood-brain barrier, in organs such as kidney, liver, lung, spleen and testis.
Robocap are unable to get clearance by the endothelial barriers or mononuclear phagocyte systems (MPS).
External core of tumour can be different from internal surface that might not affect by the short-range targeting of cancer cells. Additionally, hypoxic tumour regions, developed by the increased requirement of vascularization are resistant to therapies.
Development of Robotic capsules required a huge investment, which may limit their use in some healthcare settings and also difficult to afford by cancer patients.
Robotic capsules required trained professionals and approval by various regulatory agencies before they can be used in clinical settings, which can be a lengthy and expensive process.
Robocap having the potential to significantly improve medicine delivery to both localised and distant tumours. The term “Robocaps” refers to motile, robotic drug delivery microsystems that have been carefully built to include physiological, chemical, and physical elements.
Depending on their composition and mode of propulsion, they are divided into three primary categories:
NanoPrecision Medical, a California-based company, is developing a capsule that can deliver cancer drugs directly to the tumour site. The capsule is coated with a special material that enables it to pass through the bloodstream without being detected by the immune system, and it also contains a mechanism that allows it to release drugs in a controlled manner.
Another company, Capsulomics, is developing a capsule that can deliver drugs to the colon for the treatment of colon cancer.
The capsule is equipped with a camera that allows doctors to monitor the delivery of the drugs, and it also contains a mechanism that allows it to release drugs in a controlled manner.
Despite these difficulties, robotic capsules have a bright future in the fight against cancer. Clinical studies are being conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of these devices when used in human beings, and research is being done to make them safer.
Robotic capsules may also be employed for targeted therapy and diagnostic imaging, in addition to medication administration, in the treatment of cancer. These tools may be made to target certain cancer cell types, such those with particular genetic abnormalities.
Aaysha Gupta- Ph.D (pursuing)
Jaypee institute of information technology, sec-62, Noida Area of research (Medical biotechnology)
