Researchers develop experimental direct-acting antiviral treatment to treat COVID-19

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• Source: City of Hope


• Date: 18 May,2021

An international team of scientists from the Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ) at Griffith University and from City of Hope, a research and treatment center for cancer, diabetes and other life-threatening diseases in the U.S., have developed an experimental direct-acting antiviral therapy to treat COVID-19.

Conventional antivirals reduce symptoms and help people recover earlier. Examples include Tamiflu®, zanamivir and remdesivir.

This next-generation antiviral approach used gene-silencing RNA technologies named siRNA (small-interfering RNA) to attack the virus’ genome directly, which prevents the virus from replicating, as well as lipid nanoparticles made at Griffith University and City of Hope to deliver the siRNA into the lungs, the critical site of infection.

Treatment with virus-specific siRNA reduces viral load by 99.9%. These stealth nanoparticles can be delivered to a wide range of lung cells and silence viral genes,”

Nigel McMillan, Ph.D., Study Co-Lead Researcher, Professor, and Director of Infectious Diseases & Immunology Program,  Menzies Health Institute Queensland

“Treatment with the therapy in SARS-Cov-2 infected mice improved survival and loss of disease.

Kevin Morris, Ph.D., professor and associate director of the Center for Gene Therapy at City of Hope and co-lead researcher from both City of Hope and Griffith University said,”This treatment is designed to work on all betacoronaviruses like the original SARS virus (SARS-CoV-1) as well as SARS-CoV-2 and any new variants that may come up in the future because it targets ultra-conserved regions in the virus’ genome.”

McMillan added,”We also have shown that these nanoparticles are stable at 4°C for 12 months and at room temperature for over one month, meaning that this agent could be utilised in low-resource settings to treat infected patients.”

The results imply that siRNA-nanoparticle formulations can be developed as a treatment to treat COVID-19 patients, in addition to used for potential coronavirus infections by targeting the virus’ genome directly.

“These nanoparticles are scalable and relatively cost-effective to produce in bulk,” Professor Morris said.

“This work was funded as an urgent call by Medical Research Futures Fund and is the sort of RNA medicine that may be manufactured locally in Australia,” McMillan said.