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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium is perhaps the most common formulation used in biological research and the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. Selecting the right DMEM formulation is crucial for both cell culture and the experimental goal.
DMEM comes in various glucose amounts (low glucose – 1g/L and high glucose – 4.5g/L). A Low-glucose DMEM formulation is appropriate for primary and sensitive cell types, while a high-glucose DMEM formulation is appropriate for energy demanding applications and cells that divide rapidly.
L-Glutamine is one of the essential amino acids for cell’s metabolism. The requirement of L-Glutamine in formulations of DMEM varies. For some, it is included, while for others it needs to be supplemented. Then it generally, supplements L-Glutamine It is necessary to assess for your cell type.
Sodium bicarbonate and HEPES are some of the commonly used buffering agents in DMEM formulations. Sodium bicarbonate does quite well with CO₂ incubators. HEPES is better used in open systems where there needs to be better pH stability.
Certain cells types do take advantage of the extra energy that may be provided by sodium pyruvate. For cells that need more support for their metabolism, it would be ideal to use DMEM with pyruvate.
Cell culture might not succeed with just DMEM alone for some cell types. DMEM requires supplementation with items like specialized growth factors or antibiotics, as well as fetal bovine serum (FBS) in some cases.
All DMEM formulations are not of equal quality. Choose a trusted vendor that provides control for sterility, quality, and batch to batch consistency for reproducibility in your research.
The combination of glucose concentration, buffering systems, and the addition of necessary supplements is key to the formulation of DMEM and enabling a researcher to foster healthy cell divisions for the success of continual cell experiments.
