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A new, groundbreaking study from the University of Bergen (UiB) shows that a patients’ own stem cells can be used to grow new bone. This can potentially help millions of people who are partially edentulous and have inadequate bone for placement of dental implants.
The Maxibone Project, coordinated by Pierre Layrolle, Inserm, University of Nantes, France and Kamal Mustafa, UiB, Norway, is now established. This trial is just one of a few ongoing randomized, controlled trials using mesenchymal stem cell. Maxibone intends to create customized bone regeneration for patients with missing bones in the jaw, for instance – that may be the case after cancer or a traffic accident.
The biomaterial used to create the new bone comes for the patients’ own stem cells. This project has a European capital of six million euros. The consortium gathers 12 partners from five European countries (Norway, Spain, France, Denmark and Germany) including research labs, academic hospitals, cell therapy units, a biomaterial company and the global leader of dental implants.
In the project, a randomized controlled trial of 150 patients will compare the safety and efficacy of autologous cultured stem cells and calcium phosphate biomaterials with autologous bone grafting in alveolar bone augmentation prior to dental implants. In a previous European project Reborne, the clinical safety of this regenerative strategy was shown on eleven patients in the University of Bergen, Norway.
This regenerative method, in simple terms, involves collecting bone marrow from the hip of the patient. These stem cells are expanded in labs located in Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetic Ulm,Germany and Centre de Thérapie Cellulaire de Créteil, France. After two weeks, the mesenchymal stem cells are sent to the clinical centre. The cells mixed with biomaterials are grafted on maxillary and mandible bone ridges to increase their volume. On the control arm, autologous bone is harvested from the mandibular ramus and transplanted into the site of augmentation. A synthetic non-resorbable membrane is used to cover the grafts and to guide tissue regeneration.
After five months, cone beam computed tomography is performed to assess bone volumes for insertion of dental implants. Core biopsies are analysed by synchrotron, micro-computed tomography and histology. Dental implants are placed and osteo-integrated for three months before loading with prosthetic elements.
In this clinical study, 150 patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to the control group consisting of bone graft (Gold standard) or the test group receiving a combination of autologous cultured stem cells and biomaterials. The recruitment will be done in facilities in Norway, Spain, Germany, Denmark and France. This multicenter trial is led by associated professor Cecilie Gjerde, UiB, Norway and professor Mariano Sanz, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
The Maxibone clinical trial is taking on a wider dimension, which should lead to this regenerative method being marketed within four years. Medical imaging, direct measurements and histology of heart biopsies before dental implants will ensure the Last week the first patients in the test group received the stem cells. This event happened in the practice at the University of Bergen, and the next individual is already ready for bone marrow harvesting. In parallel another clinical facilities are prepared to begin enrolling patients.
University of Bergen
